Signs and Symptoms to be a candidate for Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation.

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) is primarily used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly in patients who have difficulty tolerating continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. To be considered a candidate for hypoglossal nerve stimulation, a patient generally needs to meet several criteria:

1. **Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea**: The patient usually has a confirmed diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA.

2. **CPAP Intolerance or Ineffectiveness**: The patient has tried and is unable to tolerate CPAP therapy, or CPAP has been ineffective in treating their OSA.

3. **Body Mass Index (BMI) Limitations**: Most guidelines suggest that patients should have a BMI below a certain threshold, often around 32 to 35 kg/m².

4. **Anatomical Suitability**: The patient’s airway structure should be suitable for HNS. This is often determined through a drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) to evaluate the pattern of airway collapse.

5. **Absence of Central Sleep Apnea or Severe Pulmonary Disease**: Patients with predominant central sleep apnea or severe pulmonary disease are usually not good candidates.

6. **Age Considerations**: Typically, the patient should be an adult, as the safety and efficacy in pediatric populations may not be well established.

7. **General Health Status**: The patient should be in a condition that allows for safe surgery and anesthesia.

These criteria can vary slightly depending on specific medical guidelines and the technology used for the HNS device. It's important for individuals to consult with a sleep specialist or an otolaryngologist to determine their eligibility for this treatment.